Responsibility
Effluent permits commonly required by governments
A major environmental concern related to shrimp aquaculture is the potential water pollution from the release of effluent into water bodies.
Responsibility
Water quality standards: Total Ammonia Nitrogen
For seawater or brackish water aquaculture management, the salicylate method is best for total ammonia nitrogen analysis.
Responsibility
Water quality standards: Total phosphorus
Two nutrient elements, nitrogen and phosphorus, are responsible for eutrophication in most instances. Phosphorus is usually the key factor.
Responsibility
Water quality standards: Total suspended solids
Solids in water are either in true solution or suspended. Suspended solids remain in suspension because they are so small and light.
Responsibility
Water quality standards: pH
The pH of shrimp pond water is influenced by source water, pH and acidity of bottom soil, shrimp culture inputs and biological activity.
Responsibility
EPA rule-making for aquaculture effluents in the United States
The history of how aquaculture's connection to the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System of the Clean Water Act is an interesting topic.
Responsibility
Effluent composition and water quality standards
GAA's Responsible Aquaculture Program requires shrimp farmers to install certain practices, keep records on activities and satisfy effluent water quality standards.
Responsibility
Water composition and shrimp pond management
Natural waters have a very complex chemical composition and may contain almost any substance found in the atmosphere, in the Earth’s crust, or in living organisms.
Responsibility
Farm effluent during draining for harvest
Settling basins seem to be the only practical means of treating effluents released during harvest at small or large shrimp farms.
Health & Welfare
Risks associated with chemicals and other agents used in attempts to control White Spot Syndrome Virus
Shrimp farmers in Asia and the Americas have used chemical and biological agents to control White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) disease.
Responsibility
Water use in aquaculture
Because aquaculture is a water-intensive endeavor, conservationists have begun to inquire about the possibility of excessive water use in aquaculture.
Responsibility
Case studies of world shrimp farming
There have been few efforts to objectively assess the environmental and socioeconomic status of shrimp farming until recently.
Responsibility
Formulating standards for effluent management
A major environmental consideration in shrimp farming is the negative impacts of pond effluents on coastal water quality.
Responsibility
Management of shrimp ponds to reduce the eutrophication potential of effluents
Nitrogen and phosphorus are contained in aquaculture pond effluents, and these two nutrients can cause eutrophication of natural waters.
Responsibility
Environmental codes of practice in aquaculture
In Prof. Boyd's first-ever article for the Advocate, he discusses how important environmental codes of practice are to aquaculture.